E rima ngā tawhā e tautuhi ana i te whānuitanga tūturu o te mīhini whakamātautau kume

E rua ngā whakatau tata rite tonu mō tētahi mīhini whakamātautau kume – he rite te kaha, he rite te tere, he rite te pūmanawa – ā, e toru tonu ngā rerekētanga i roto i te mea ka taea e rāua te ine. Kāore rawa te āputa i te tau matua.

E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā tawhā e rima e whakatau ana mēnā ka uru tētahi mīhini ki tō putea rauemi, kia rite ki te raupapa e pā ana ki te hua whakamātautau. Kua tuhia tēnei tuhinga mō ngā kaihoko e whakataurite ana i ngā tuku, me ngā miihini hoki me tiaki i te hoko i roto i a rātou anō.

Tīmata mai i te pūrongo e hiahia ana koe ki te tuku

Kua tuhia ngā whakatakotoranga mīhini hei whakataurite; kua tuhia ngā pūrongo whakamātautau hei whakaaetia. Nō reira, ko te tīmatanga whai hua ko te whārangi whakamutunga o tō pūrongo ā muri ake nei — ko tēhea paerewa, ko tēhea uara, ko tēhea manawanui.

E toru ngā mīhini rerekē e hiahiatia ana hei whakamātautau taiwhanga i te roanga o te kiriata kirihou i te wā whati ki te ASTM D882, te piri o te rīpene ki te ASTM D3330, me te tango i te kume i runga i te papanga whatu ki te EN ISO 13934-1, ahakoa he "whakamātautau kume" katoa ēnei e toru. Ko te hoko i tētahimīhini whakamātautau kumeka taea te hipoki i ngā mea e toru — engari mēnā ka tohua ngātahitia ngā tawhā e rima i raro nei.

1. He whānuitanga te kaha, ehara i te tau

Kāore te mīhini 5 kN e tika ki te 5 kN. Ka manatokohia te tika i runga i tētahi wāhanga o te kaha kua tautuhia, nō reira ka iti haere te pono o te pūtau kawenga kua rahi mō te kawenga tihi i ngā kaha e whakamatautauria ana ngā kiriata me ngā rīpene.

Kāore i te ōrite te kaha tihi me te kaha mahi. Tērā pea ka pakaru te kiriata takai ngohengohe i te 30 N; tērā pea ka hiahiatia he 2 kN mō te putea whatu o te taiwhanga kotahi. Mēnā ka taupokina e tētahi pūoko ngā mea e rua, ka noho te whakamātautau kaha iti ki te pito rawa o tōna awhe, ko te wāhi tino kino te taumira, ā, ka kitea te papa haruru i te kōpiko.

Ko te ture mahi i te nuinga o ngā taiwhanga ko te pupuri i ngā whakamātautau noa i roto i te haurua o runga o te whānuitanga o te pūoko, me te pupuri i tētahi atu pūoko iti-kaha mō ngā rauemi angiangi. Ina whakataurite ana i ngā tuku, pātaihia he aha te whānuitanga e taea te whakamahi - kaua ko te nui rawa.

2. Mā te whakahaere tere e whakatau mēnā he rite ō raraunga

He viscoelastic ngā polymers, ngā kiriata me ngā piripiri: ko tō rātou kaha ine ka whakawhirinaki ki te tere o tō kukume. Ka rerekē te tere o te pane whakawhiti me te kaha o te kiri, te roa me te modulus, me te kore e rerekē te rauemi.

Koia te take e tohua ai e ngā paerewa he tere totoro pumau kaua ki te tere toharite, ā, he aha hokimīhini whakamātautau kume servo rorohikokoinei te tūāpapa mō tētahi taiwhanga e whakaputa ana i ngā raraunga rite. Ka taea e te taraiwa tere-pūmau, tere-kotahi rānei te whakaputa i tētahi tau; kāore e taea te whakaputa i tētahi tau ka taea te tiaki.

Mā te mana servo ka wetekina ngā momo porowhita maha — te ahotea tonu, te totoro tonu, te ngoki me te whakangā — e kore e taea i runga i te mīhini e mōhio ana ki te haere i te tere kotahi. Mena kei roto i tō whānuitanga hua he gaskets, he hiri, he geotextiles rānei, he whakaritenga tēnei, ehara i te kōwhiringa.

3. Mā ngā ringaringa e whakatau te mea ka taea e koe te whakamātautau

He whānui te anga; ko ngā taputapu me ngā pupuri te mea e pai ai te mīhini mō te kakahu, te kiriata, te rīpene, te rapa, te pepa rānei. Ka rerekē ngā hua o ngā taiwhanga e rua me ngā mīhini ōrite me ngā huinga pupuri rerekē mō te rauemi kotahi.

Kei te kauae te hapa e kitea whānuitia ana, ehara i te tauira. Ka whakawhāitihia te ahotea e ngā kakau wedge, ā, ka pakaru wawe i te taha o te kauae ki runga i te kiriata angiangi; ka tohatohahia e ngā kakau hau me te pēhanga whakahaeretia kia ōrite; me whai kakau e kore e tapahi te pahuka, e te elastomer rānei. Me whai kauae kia whānui hei pupuri i te whānui katoa o te tauira mō ngā whakamātautau rīpene kakahu me te kore e paheke.

Mō te whakamātautau tihore, he rite te hiranga o te āhua ki te kaha: he rerekē ngā whakamātautau tihore 90° me te 180°, ā, ko te taputapu – ehara i te mīhini – te mea e whakatakoto ana i te koki. Ko te whakataukī e whakarārangi ana i te mīhini me te kore e whakarārangi i te huinga pupuri he whakataukī mō te haurua o te pūnaha.

4. Te tere tauira me ngā mea ka taea e te pūmanawa te kaweake

He pūwāhi kotahi te kaha tihi. Ko te modulus, te whanonga hua me te āhua o te pihi rahunga, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te matotoru o ngā raraunga i tangohia, me te āheinga o te pūmanawa ki te tatau i ngā uara i ahu mai i te paerewa.

E rua ngā tirotiro mahi. Tuatahi, mēnā ka tatauhia e te pūmanawa ngā hua i puta mai i te tīmatanga — te roa i te ahotea kua tohua, te modulus mokowā, te kaha ki te pakaru — mēnā rānei e tumanakohia ana kia tukatukahia e te kaiwhakahaere i roto i te ripanga tātaitai, koinei te wāhi e ngaro puku ai te whai i ngā raraunga. Tuarua, mēnā ka taea te kaweake i ngā raraunga mata me te kore e pakaru te pihi, nā te mea he uaua ki te tiaki i tētahi pūrongo e whakaatu ana i te whakatau anake ina tautohe te kiritaki i tētahi puranga.

5. Te pakari me te whakaritenga o te anga

Hemīhini whakamātautau whānuiKo te anga e piko ana i raro i te kawenga kei te ine i a ia anō me te tauira. He iti te hapa i runga i ngā tauira pakari; i runga i te kiriata roa-teitei me ngā muka angiangi, ka taea e te tutukitanga o te pane whakawhiti me te koretake o te whakaritenga pou te neke ake i ngā hua i ngā rerekētanga e ngana ana koe ki te kite i waenga i ngā puranga.

Kāore e kitea te whakarārangi i roto i tētahi pepa whakatakotoranga, koia te take he pai ake te tono mō te pūrongo manatoko kaua ki te tuhi anga. Mō te whakahaere kounga auau, he iti noa te whakaritenga; mō tētahi taiwhanga e whakaputa ana i ngā raraunga whaimana,ISO 7500-1Ko te manatoko akomanga o te tohu kaha, me te tirotiro i te papatahi me te whakataurite, koia ngā taunakitanga ka tirohia e te rōpū tuatoru.

E toru ngā mea e ngaro ana i te nuinga o ngā kōrero

• Ko te tiwhikete whakatikatika me tōna paerewa tohutoro. Kāore he tikanga o te "Pūtake ±0.5%" mēnā kāore e mōhiotia he aha te mea i manatokohia ai, ā, i runga ake i tehea awhe.
• Ko te rarangi o ngā taputapu pupuri katoa. Ehara i te mea he iti iho te utu mēnā kāore i roto ngā taputapu e hiahiatia ana e koe.
• Ngā tikanga mō te raihana pūmanawa me te whakapai ake. Ko te raihana teihana tuarua te rerekētanga i waenga i te kaiwhakahaere kotahi me te pūnaha kounga e mahi ana.

He rārangi arowhai hoko poto

• Whakarārangihia ngā paerewa katoa me tuku pūrongo e tō taiwhanga, kātahi ka maherehia ia paerewa ki te whānuitanga o te kaha, te tere me te momo pupuri.
• Tauwhāitihia kia rua ngā pūoko mēnā he nui ake te kaha pakaru o ō rauemi i te kotahi raupapa o te rahi.
• Me whakahaere te mana servo, ā, me whakaū kei roto ngā aratau porowhita-maha, ehara i te mea whiriwhiri.
• Tonoa he whakaaturanga i runga i tāu ake rauemi, kaua i runga i tētahi tauira maitai paerewa.
• Whakaūtia kei te ōrite te tauira pūrongo ki te hōputu e tumanakohia ana e ō kiritaki, e te rōpū whakamanatanga rānei.

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