Amapharamitha Amahlanu Achaza Ububanzi Bangempela Bomshini Wokuhlola Oqinile

Izingcaphuno ezimbili zomshini wokuhlola odonsayo zingabonakala zifana kakhulu — umthamo ofanayo, ububanzi besivinini esifanayo, isofthiwe efanayo — futhi zisahluka ngesici sesithathu kulokho ezingakulinganisa ngempela. Igebe cishe alikho enombolweni yesihloko.

Lesi sihloko sibeka amapharamitha amahlanu anquma ukuthi umshini uyafanelana yini nephothifoliyo yakho yezinto ezibonakalayo, ngokulandelana kwawo kuthinta umphumela wokuhlolwa. Sibhalelwe abathengi abaqhathanisa okunikezwayo, kanye nonjiniyela okumele bavikele ukuthengwa ngaphakathi.

Qala embikweni okudingeka uwukhiphe

Imininingwane yomshini ibhalwe ukuze iqhathaniswe; imibiko yokuhlola ibhalwe ukuze yamukelwe. Ngakho-ke indawo ewusizo yokuqala ikhasi lokugcina lombiko wakho wesikhathi esizayo — yiliphi izinga, yiliphi inani, yiliphi ukubekezelelana.

Ukwelulwa kokuhlolwa kwelabhorethri lapho ifilimu yepulasitiki iphuka ku-ASTM D882, ukunamathela kwe-reels ku-ASTM D3330 etheyipini, kanye nokuhlubula ukuthamba kwendwangu elukiwe ku-EN ISO 13934-1 kudinga imishini emithathu ehlukene kakhulu, yize yonke emithathu "iyizivivinyo zokuthamba". Ukuthenga eyodwaumshini wokuhlola ukuthambekelaukumboza konke lokhu okuthathu kungenzeka — kodwa kuphela uma amapharamitha amahlanu angezansi echazwe ndawonye.

1. Umthamo ububanzi, hhayi inombolo

Umshini we-5 kN awunembile ku-5 kN. Ukunemba kuqinisekiswa ngaphezu kwengxenye ethile yomthamo, ngakho-ke iseli lomthwalo elilingana nomthwalo ophezulu liba lincane kancane kancane emandleni lapho amafilimu namatheyiphu kuhlolwa khona ngempela.

Amandla aphezulu kanye namandla okusebenza akuvamile ukuba nohlelo olufanayo lobukhulu. Ifilimu yokupakisha ethambile ingaphuka ku-30 ​​N; isikhwama esilukiwe selabhorethri efanayo singadinga ama-kN amabili. Uma inzwa eyodwa imboza kokubili, ukuhlolwa kwamandla aphansi kuhlala eduze kwebanga layo, lapho ukucaca kubi kakhulu futhi umsindo ubonakala khona ekhoneni.

Umthetho osebenzayo emalabhorethri amaningi ukugcina izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zingaphakathi cishe kwengxenye ephezulu yebanga lenzwa, nokubamba inzwa yesibili, enamandla aphansi yezinto ezincane. Uma uqhathanisa okunikezwayo, buza ukuthi liyini ibanga elisebenzisekayo — hhayi ukuthi lingakanani inani eliphezulu.

2. Ukulawula isivinini kunquma ukuthi idatha yakho iyafana yini

Ama-polymer, amafilimu kanye nezinamathiselo zi-viscoelastic: amandla azo alinganiswayo ancike ekutheni udonsa ngokushesha kangakanani. Shintsha isivinini se-crosshead bese ukhulula amandla, ukunwebeka kanye ne-modulus konke kuhamba, ngaphandle kokushintsha kwezinto.

Yingakho izindinganiso zichaza izinga lokucindezeleka elingaguquki kunesivinini esimaphakathi, futhi kunganiumshini wokuhlola ukuthambekela kwe-servo osebenzisa ikhompyuthaiyisisekelo sanoma yiliphi ilabhorethri elikhipha idatha efanayo. Idrayivu yesivinini esinqunyiwe noma yesivinini esisodwa ingakhiqiza inombolo; ayikwazi ukukhiqiza evikelekile.

Ukulawulwa kwe-Servo kuvula nezindlela ze-multi-loop — ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo, ukukhukhuleka kanye nokuphumula — okungenakwenzeka emshinini owazi kuphela ukuhamba ngesivinini esisodwa. Uma uhla lomkhiqizo wakho luhlanganisa ama-gasket, ama-seal noma ama-geotextiles, lokhu kuyimfuneko kunokuba kube yinketho.

3. Ama-grips anquma ukuthi yini ongayihlola

Uhlaka lujwayelekile; izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezibambo yizo ezenza umshini ufanelekele indwangu, ifilimu, itheyiphu, irabha noma iphepha. Amalabhorethri amabili anemishini efanayo kanye namasethi ahlukene okubamba azobika imiphumela ehlukene ngento efanayo.

Ukwehluleka okuvamile kusemhlathini, hhayi kusampula. Izibambo ze-wedge zigxila ekucindezelekeni futhi zibangele ukuqhekeka kwangaphambi kwesikhathi eduze komhlathi efilimini encane; izibambo ze-pneumatic ezinengcindezi elawulwayo ziyisabalalisa ngokulinganayo; i-foam noma i-elastomer idinga ukubamba okunganqumi. Ukuhlolwa kwe-textile strip kudinga imihlathi ebanzi ngokwanele ukubamba ububanzi obuphelele besampula ngaphandle kokushelela.

Ekuhlolweni kwe-peel, i-geometry ibalulekile njengoba nje amandla: i-peel engu-90° kanye ne-180° kuyizilingo ezihlukile, futhi into esetshenziswayo — hhayi umshini — ibeka i-engeli. Ikhotheshini ebala umshini ngaphandle kokufaka ohlwini isethi yokubamba iyikhotheshini yengxenye yesistimu.

4. Izinga lokuhlola kanye nalokho isofthiwe engakuthumela ngaphandle

Amandla aphezulu ayiphuzu elilodwa. I-Modulus, ukuziphatha kwe-yield kanye nesimo se-failure curve konke kuncike ekutheni idatha ithathwe ngobuningi kangakanani, nokuthi isofthiwe ingakwazi yini ukubala amanani atholiwe indinganiso ewacelayo.

Ukuhlola okubili okusebenzayo. Okokuqala, ukuthi isofthiwe ibala yini imiphumela etholwe ngokwemvelo — ukunwebeka ekucindezelekeni okucacisiwe, i-secant modulus, amandla okuphumula — noma ukuthi ngabe umqhubi kulindeleke ukuthi alandele inqubo kuspredishithi, lapho ukulandeleka kunyamalala khona buthule. Okwesibili, ukuthi idatha eluhlaza ingathunyelwa yini ngejika eliphelele, ngoba umbiko obonisa isinqumo kuphela kunzima ukuwuvikela lapho ikhasimende liphikisana neqembu.

5. Ukuqina kohlaka kanye nokuqondanisa

Aumshini wokuhlola ojwayelekileUhlaka oluphambuka ngaphansi komthwalo luzilinganisa lona kanye nesampula. Kumasampula aqinile iphutha lincane; kufilimu enobude obuphezulu kanye nemicu emincane, ukuhambisana kwe-crosshead kanye nokuqondana okungekuhle kwekholomu kungashintsha imiphumela ngaphezu komehluko ozama ukuwuthola phakathi kwamaqoqo.

Ukuqondanisa akubonakali ephepheni lemininingwane, yingakho kufanelekile ukucela umbiko wokuqinisekisa kunokudweba uhlaka. Ukuze kulawulwe ikhwalithi njalo, isidingo sincane; kwilabhorethri ekhipha idatha egunyaziwe,I-ISO 7500-1Ukuqinisekiswa kwesigaba sesibonakaliso samandla, kanye nokuhlolwa kokuthamba nokuqondanisa, kuwubufakazi umuntu wesithathu azobubheka ngempela.

Izinto ezintathu ezingekho ezicaphunweni eziningi

• Isitifiketi sokulinganisa kanye nezinga laso lokubhekisela. "Ukunemba ±0.5%" kusho okuncane ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ngani nokuthi kungakanani ububanzi.
• Isitokwe esiphelele sokubamba. Intengo engabandakanyi izinto ozidingayo ayiyona intengo ephansi.
• Imibandela yokunikeza ilayisense yesofthiwe kanye nokuthuthukisa. Ilayisensi yesibili yokusebenza ivame ukuba umehluko phakathi komqhubi oyedwa kanye nohlelo lwekhwalithi olusebenzayo.

Uhlu lokuhlola lokuthenga olufushane

• Bhala phansi zonke izindinganiso ilabhorethri yakho okumele izibike ngazo, bese uhlela ngayinye ibe yibanga lamandla, isivinini kanye nohlobo lokubamba.
• Cacisa izinzwa ezimbili uma izinto zakho zidlula cishe i-oda elilodwa ngobukhulu ngamandla okuphuka.
• Kudinga ukulawulwa kwe-servo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izindlela ze-multi-loop zifakiwe, hhayi okukhethwa kukho.
• Cela umboniso ngezinto zakho, hhayi kusampula yensimbi ejwayelekile.
• Qinisekisa ukuthi ithempulethi yombiko ihambisana nefomethi elindelwe amakhasimende akho noma inhlangano yokugunyazwa.

Imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa