Kuva mu Buhanzi kugeza mu Buhanga: Uburyo Igipimo cy'Indabyo z'Indabyo z'Indabyo z'Indabyo gipima imikorere y'ikaramu

Mu binyejana byinshi, "uburyo" ikaramu yari uburambe bw'umuntu ku giti cye. Umuhanzi ashobora guhitamo 2B y'ikirango kimwe kubera uburyo ikora neza, mu gihe injeniyeri ashobora gusaba indi grade ya H kugira ngo ikore neza kandi idahindagurika. Ubu buryo bwo kugenzura imiterere burangira muri laboratwari igezweho yo kugenzura ubuziranenge.Igipimo cyo gupima uburibwe bw'umusatsi w'imbere (Lead Core Abrasion Test)ni igikoresho gikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rihindura igitekerezo cy’ "ubudahangarwa bw'ingufu" mu mubare ukomeye, wizewe kandi usanzwe. Iyi mashini ntigerageza amakaramu gusa; igenzura imiterere yayo, igenzura ko ikurikiza amahame mpuzamahanga, kandi ikubaka icyizere cy’ikirango ihamya ko buri karamu yo mu rwego runaka ikora kimwe. Iyi mfashanyigisho itanga incamake y’uruhare rwayo rw’ingenzi.

Imashini yo gupima ubushyuhe bw'umusatsi w'umusatsi w'umutuku (Lead Core Abrasion) ni iki?

A Imashini ipima ubushyuhe bw'insinga ya Lead Coreni igikoresho cyihariye cya laboratwari cyagenewe gupima neza uburyo amakaramu aramba bitewe n’uko aramba bitewe n’imiterere isanzwe kandi igenzurwa. Inshingano yacyo y’ibanze ni ugupima ingano y’ibikoresho by’amakaramu byashaje nyuma y’umubare uhoraho w’impapuro zizunguruka ukurikije ubwoko runaka bw’impapuro. Iki "gipimo cy’uburibwe" gipimwe gifitanye isano itaziguye n’urwego rw’ubukomere bw’ikaramu (igipimo cya 'H' cyangwa 'B'). Mu gukuraho ibintu bihinduka mu bantu, iki gipimo giha abakora ikaramu igipimo gihamye kugira ngo barebe ko ikaramu ya 2B yo mu itsinda rimwe ifite ubworoherane n’uburambe nk’ubwa 2B yo mu rindi, bigatuma iba inkingi y’ingenzi mu kugaragaza aho iherereye.igikoresho cyo kwandika QC.

Ubumenyi bw'Ikizamini: Impamvu Guhuza Ibipimo ari Byose

Uburyo burambuye bwo gupima watanze bugaragaza urwego rukabije rw'igenzura rukenewe kugira ngo haboneke ibisubizo nyabyo. Amahame y'ingenzi ya siyansi arimo:

• Guteka impapuro (Guteka kuri dogere selisiyusi 303):Iyi ntambwe y'ingenzi ikuraho ubushuhe busigaye ku mpapuro zo kwandikaho. Ubushuhe bushobora gushyira amavuta ku mpapuro, bigagabanya cyane kwangirika no kwangirika ku buryo butari bwo. Guteka bituma ubuso buhora bwumye kandi buhamye kuri buri kizamini.
• Gutunganya no gushushanya neza icyuma gishushanyijeho icyuma:Gukoresha icyuma cyabugenewe hanyuma ugatera umucanga ku gipimo cy'umurambararo (0.7mm kuri HB-10H, 0.8mm kuri B-6B/ibara) bituma aho bahurira n'ubuso bw'ingero zose biba bimwe. Ibi ni ingenzi kuibisubizo by'ibizamini bishobora gusubirwamo.
• Imbaraga zikoreshwa (300g 砝码):Uburemere bwa garama 300 bushyirwa ku ikaramu bugaragaza ko igitutu cy’inyuguti gihoraho. Ibi bikuraho ihindagurika ry’igitutu cy’intoki, bigatuma igitutu cy’intoki cyangirika bitewe n’imiterere y’icyuma gipima, atari uko ikizamini cyakozwe.

Intambwe ku yindi y'amabwiriza agenga ibizamini

Gukurikiza uburyo busanzwe ni ingenzi cyane. Dore isesengura risobanutse neza, intambwe ku yindi ry'uburyoikizamini cyo kwambara ikaramu y'icyumainzira:

1. Gutegura impapuro:Shyira impapuro zo kwandikaho uziseke kuri dogere selisiyusi 303 mu gihe cy'amasaha 2. Zikonjeshe mu cyuma gitanga amazi mu gihe cy'amasaha 2, hanyuma uzibike mu ishashi ya pulasitiki ifunze neza kugira ngo uzikoreshe mu cyumweru kimwe.
2. Guhitamo no Gutunganya Ingero:Hitamo ikaramu ifite imbaraga nke cyane zapimwe mbere. Kangura ukoresheje icyuma gishushanya gisanzwe. Shyiramo icyuma gipima uburebure bwacyo mu gipimo cyabugenewe (0.7mm cyangwa 0.8mm) hanyuma usukemo icyuma gipima uburebure cyacyo ukoresheje icyuma gipima uburebure cya W14.
3. Gushyiraho imashini:Shyira impapuro zifunze ku ngoma. Huza clutch, shyira ikaramu mu gikoresho cyo gufata, shyiramo agakoresho gapima uburebure bwa garama 300. Subiza aho icyuma gishyushya n'ikimenyetso cyo gukanda (千分表) bigeze kuri zeru.
4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikizamini:Tangiza imashini. Ingoma izazenguruka, ishyiremo imashini ihagaze ku rupapuro. Kora ikizamini ku buryo bungana na 100.
5. Gusoma no Gusobanura Ibisubizo:Nyuma y'impinduka 100, soma agaciro kari ku kimenyetso cy'inyuguti. Iki gipimo, muri milimetero cyangwa kimwe cya cumi cya santimetero, ni cyokurwanya kwangirikaagaciro. Umubare munini ugaragaza icyuma cyoroshye (ibikoresho byinshi byashaje), mu gihe umubare muto ugaragaza icyuma gikomeye.

Gusobanura amakuru yerekeye kugenzura ubuziranenge n'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere

Ibisubizo by'imibare bivuye kuriikizamini cyo kurwanya kwangirikaifite imbaraga kuko ituma ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru:

• Gukurikirana Ubudasa bw'Amatsinda:Amakipe ya QC ashobora gupima ingero zo muri buri cyiciro cy’umusaruro no kugereranya agaciro k’ubushyuhe n’ingano yemewe y’iyo ntera. Gutandukana kose bigaragaza ikibazo gishobora kubaho mu ruvange rw’ibikoresho fatizo cyangwa inzira yo kubitunganya.
• Icyemezo cy'Ubukomere:Amakuru atanga gihamya ifatika y'uko ikaramu yujuje ubukana bwemewe (urugero, ISO 9998), ibi bikaba ari ingenzi ku bahanzi, abashushanya, n'abandi bakoresha babigize umwuga.
• Isuzuma ry'ibikoresho fatizo n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya:Injeniyeri mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere zishobora gukoresha iyi mashini mu kugerageza uruvange rushya rwa grafiti-ibumba-polimeri, zigapima neza uburyo impinduka za formula zigira ingaruka ku mikorere n'uburambe bw'igicuruzwa cya nyuma.

Impamvu ubu buryo bwihariye bwo gupima ari akarusho gakomeye

Gushora imari mu gushyira mu bikorwa neza iyi gahunda y’igerageza isanzwe bitanga inyungu igaragara ku ishoramari:

• Bikuraho ikizamini cyo "kumva" ku muntu:Isimbura abantu bapima ibintu batizewe n'uburyo budahinduka, ikerekana ko isuzuma ryawe ry'ubuziranenge rihoraho.
• Igabanya ibirego by'abakiriya n'ibyo basubije:Gufata amakaramu adasanzwe mbere yuko yoherezwa, birinda abahanzi kurakara bahabwa "hard 4B" cyangwa abubatsi bahabwa "soft 4H," bityo bikarinda izina ry'ikirango cyawe.
• Itanga Ururimi Rufite Ireme Rusange:Agaciro k'umuvuduko ni umubare ushobora gusangizwa no kumvikana ku isi yose n'abatanga serivisi n'abakiriya, byoroshya itumanaho no gushyiraho ireme ry'ibyo umuntu yifuza.

Ibintu by'ingenzi bigize imashini ipima uburibwe bwizewe

Iyo uhisemoImashini ipima ubushyuhe bw'insinga ya Lead Core, reba neza ko byagenewe gushyigikira ubuziranenge bw'ubu buryo:

• Imodoka y'ingoma nziza cyane:Moteri ihamya neza ko ishobora kuzunguruka inshuro 100 nta gucika cyangwa guhindagurika.
• Gukoresha uburemere bukwiye:Uburyo bwo gukoresha neza kandi buri gihe umutwaro wa 300g (cyangwa undi mutwaro usanzwe).
• Igipimo cyo gupima gifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru:Ikimenyetso cy’inyuguti cyangwa sensiteri y’ikoranabuhanga ishobora kumenya ingano y’imashini yangiritse.
• Gutunganya ibintu bikomeye:Agakoresho ko gufata ikaramu n'uburyo bwo gufunga bubuza kugenda mu gihe cyo gupima, butuma imbaraga zose zijya mu gushwanyagurika.

Umwanzuro: Kubaka icyizere, amakuru amwe icyarimwe

Mu isoko ry’amakaramu rihanganye, uburinganire busobanura ubwiza. Imashini ipima ubushyuhe bw'insinga ya Lead Coreni igikoresho cy’ingenzi cyo gusohoza iryo sezerano. Mu kubahiriza amabwiriza yayo akomeye kandi ahamye, abakora ibicuruzwa bashobora kuva ku kwemeza ubuziranenge bushingiye ku muco wabo bakajya kubyemeza bakoresheje amakuru. Uku kwiyemeza gupima ibintu mu buryo buboneye byubaka icyizere kidakuka ku bakoresha bakoresha ibikoresho byabo, bigatuma ikirango cyawe gikomeza kuba amahitamo meza mu nganda.