Igipimo cy'ibizamini by'ubudahangarwa bw'ibikoresho: Imashini ipima ameza, intebe n'akabati

Intangiriro: Impamvu isuzuma ry'ingaruka n'amazi ari ingenzi ku bikoresho byo mu nzu

Ibikoresho byo mu nzu, amahoteli, resitora, n'ibiro bigomba kwihanganira ikoreshwa rya buri munsi, ndetse no guhangana n'ingorane zo gutwara, gutwara ibintu, ndetse n'impanuka. Ameza acikamo uduce duto nyuma yo gukomereka gato, intebe icika iyo ipfutse, cyangwa urugi rw'akabati rucika mu gihe cyo gutanga ibicuruzwa bishobora gutuma abakiriya batishima, bagasubizwa ibicuruzwa, ndetse bakagira n'ingaruka mbi.Igipimo cyo Kurinda Gukomera kw'Ingaruka zo Kumanuka mu Bikoreshoni imashini yihariye yagenewe kwigana izi ngaruka zibaho mu buzima busanzwe - imbaraga z'ingaruka n'ibintu bigwa - ku bwoko butandukanye bw'ibikoresho birimoameza, intebe, intebe, utubati, n'ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibintuIbi bikoresho bifasha abakora ibicuruzwa kwemeza ubuziranenge bw'inyubako, kumenya aho bidafite intege nke, no kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byujuje ibisabwa haba mu bucuruzi no mu ngo.

Gusobanukirwa Ihame ry'Ikizamini: Gukurikirana Ingaruka n'Ibyabaye mu Gutakaza

ItsindaIgipimo cyo Kurinda Gukomera kw'Ingaruka zo Kumanuka mu Bikoreshoihuza uburyo bubiri bwo gupima muri sisitemu imwe:

• Ikizamini cy'Ingaruka:Ingufu zigenzurwa cyangwa uburemere bugenzurwa bukubita ibikoresho ahantu runaka (urugero: ku nkombe y'ameza, ku kuguru kw'intebe, ku mfuruka y'akabati) hakoreshejwe imbaraga zigenwe (Joules). Ibi bigaragaza ko ibintu byagonganye mu gihe cyo kubikoresha cyangwa kubikoresha.
• Ikizamini cyo Kureka Gukoresha Ingufu:Icyitegererezo cy'ibikoresho byo mu nzu kizamurwa kugeza ku burebure bwagenwe mbere hanyuma kikarekurwa kikagwa ku buso bukomeye (icyuma cyangwa sima). Ibi bisa n'ibitonyanga mu gihe cyo gupakira, gupakurura, cyangwa kwimuka.

Ibizamini byombi bishobora gukorwa ku bikoresho byateranijwe cyangwa ku bice bimwe na bimwe, bitewe n'ibipimo ngenderwaho n'ibisabwa mu isuzuma.

Porogaramu zo Gupima mu Bice by'Ibikoresho

ItsindaIgipimo cyo Kurinda Gukomera kw'Ingaruka zo Kumanuka mu Bikoreshoirakoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye kugira ngo isuzume ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho byo mu nzu bikunze gukoreshwa mu ngo, mu mahoteli no mu bucuruzi.

1. Isuzuma ry'ingaruka n'igabanuka ry'amazi ku meza

Ibizamini birimo ingaruka ku nkengero z'ameza no mu mfuruka (kwigana intebe cyangwa ikintu cyagonganye) n'ibizamini byo kumanuka ku meza cyangwa ku maguru kugira ngo harebwe imbaraga z'urubaho. Imashini isuzuma aho amaguru afatanye, kuramba kw'igice cyo hejuru, n'ubukana bw'imiterere muri rusange.

2. Gupima ingaruka z'intebe n'intebe

Intebe n'intebe bifatwa n'impanuka ku ntebe, inyuma y'inyuma, no ku maguru — biganisha ku kugonga cyangwa gukubitwa. Ibizamini byo gutonyanga bipima ubushobozi bw'inyuma bwo kurokoka kugwa mu gihe cyo gutondeka cyangwa gutwara. Ibi ni ingenzi mu gutondeka intebe zikoreshwa mu byumba by'ibirori cyangwa mu byumba by'inama.

3. Isuzuma ry'aho ibikoresho bigurishirizwa mu kabati no mu bubiko bishyirwa

Ibikoresho byo kubikamo amadosiye, n'ibikoresho byo gushyiramo amabati bipimwa ku mfuruka, impande, no mu maso kugira ngo harebwe imbaraga z'ingingo n'uburyo inzugi/agasanduku bihagaze nyuma yo gukubita. Iyi mashini ishobora kandi kwigana ingaruka zo ku ruhande kugira ngo irebe ko ihamye kandi ko idakomeza kugwa.

Amahame ngenderwaho y'ibizamini n'iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko

UmuhangaIgipimo cyo Kurinda Gukomera kw'Ingaruka zo Kumanuka mu Bikoreshoyagenewe kubahiriza amahame mpuzamahanga y’ibizamini by’ibikoresho:

• BIFMA X5.1, X5.5, X6.1:Ibizamini by'ingaruka no kugabanuka ku myanya yo mu biro, ububiko, n'amashusho.
• EN 1728:Ibikoresho byo mu nzu – Intebe – Kumenya imbaraga n'uburambe (ibizamini by'ingaruka).
• EN 1730:Ibikoresho byo mu nzu – Ameza – Kumenya imbaraga, kuramba, no guhagarara.
• GB/T 10357.1-3:Amahame ngenderwaho y'Abashinwa ku bijyanye n'imiterere y'ibikoresho byo mu nzu — Intebe, ameza, ububiko.
• ISO 7170-2:Ibikoresho byo mu nzu – Ibikoresho byo kubikamo ibintu – Uburyo bwo gupima imbaraga n’ubudahangarwa.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi bya tekiniki n'ibisobanuro

• Urusobe rw'ingufu z'ingaruka:Ishobora guhindurwa kuva kuri 5 J kugeza kuri 100 J (cyangwa irenga) kugira ngo yigane uburemere butandukanye bw'ingaruka.
• Intera y'uburebure bwo kumanuka:Kuva kuri mm 100 kugeza kuri mm 1500, ishobora gushyirwa kuri porogaramu ifite ecran y'uburebure bwa digitale.
• Ahantu hamanuka:Isahani y'icyuma ikomeye ifite ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gufata icyuma.
• Ingufu/uburemere:Imitwe y'inkurikizi ishobora guhindurwa (irambuye, ifite uruziga, ifite ishusho nk'iy'inkombe) hakurikijwe ibisabwa bitandukanye byo gupima.
• Ingano y'ingano y'ingero:Ifite utubati tunini (kugeza kuri metero 1.5 × 1.5) n'intebe ndende.
• Agace k'umutekano:Uburinzi bugaragara kugira ngo burinde imyanda mu gihe cy'ingufu nyinshi cyangwa ibitonyanga.
• Igenzura rishobora gukorwa muri gahunda:Interineti yo gukoraho hamwe na porogaramu zo gupima zateguwe mbere hakurikijwe ibipimo bisanzwe.
• Kwandika amakuru:Inyandiko zigira ingaruka ku muvuduko, uburebure bwo kugabanuka, umubare w'ingendo, n'umusaruro wo gutsinda/gutsindwa.

Incamake y'Inzira yo Gupima

GukoreshaIgipimo cyo Kurinda Gukomera kw'Ingaruka zo Kumanuka mu Bikoreshoikurikiza inzira ihamye:

1. Gutegura ingero:Tegura ibikoresho nk'uko amabwiriza y'umukora abivuga. Ku bipimo byo guterera, menya neza ko ibikoresho byose bifunze neza.
2. Amahitamo y'ikizamini:Hitamo uburyo bwo gusuzuma ingaruka cyangwa drop, cyangwa urukurikirane rw'ibipimo bishingiye ku gipimo gikwiye.
3. Igenamiterere ry'ibipimo:Ingaruka ku ngufu cyangwa uburebure bw'igitonyanga cya gahunda, umubare w'ingaruka/ibitonyanga, n'aho ingaruka ziherereye (urugero, inguni, inkombe, hagati).
4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikizamini:Imashini ikora uko ikora urukurikirane rw'ingaruka cyangwa amatonyanga. Ku bipimo byo kumanura, icyitegererezo kirazamurwa kikarekurwa inshuro nyinshi (urugero, amatonyanga 10 kuri buri mfuruka).
5. Igenzura:Nyuma yo kurangiza ikizamini, genzura ibikoresho byo mu nzu kugira ngo urebe ko byacitse, ko nta guhindagurika guhoraho, ko ingingo zitandukanyijwe, cyangwa ko nta ngaruka zabyo zangiritse (urugero: gufunguka kw'akabati, gufunga umuryango).
6. Raporo:Sisitemu ikora raporo y'ikizamini igaragaza ibipimo, ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi, n'amafoto y'ibyangiritse byose.

Ibyiza by'ingenzi ku bakora na laboratwari nziza

• Kugabanya ibyago:Menya intege nke z'imiterere mbere yuko ibicuruzwa byoherezwa, bigabanya ibibazo byo mu murima n'uburyozwacyaha.
• Icyemezo cyo kubahiriza amategeko:Uzuza ibisabwa kugira ngo ubone isoko muri EU, Amerika n'Ubushinwa.
• Inyungu ku irushanwa:Emeza kandi ugurishe ibikoresho nk' “byapimwe ingaruka” cyangwa “byapimwe ingano” kugira ngo birambe.
• Igishushanyo cyiza:Koresha amakuru y'igerageza kugira ngo ushimangire intege nke udakoresheje uburyo bwinshi bwo gusesengura ibice byose.
• Kugabanuka kw'inyungu n'ikiguzi cya garanti:Kurinda kwangirika mu gihe cyo gutwara no gutangira gushyiraho.

Umwanzuro: Igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo kwemeza ko ibikoresho biramba

ItsindaIgipimo cyo gupima uburambe bw'intebe y'ameza yo mu nzuni igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku ruganda urwo arirwo rwose, laboratwari ipima, cyangwa ishami rishinzwe kugenzura ubuziranenge rishinzwe ibikoresho byo mu rugo, hoteli, cyangwa ubucuruzi. Mu kwigana neza ingaruka n'ibitonyanga ibikoresho bihura nabyo mu buzima bwabyo - kuva ku ruganda kugeza ku bakoresha - iyi mashini itanga amakuru akenewe kugira ngo ikore ibintu bikomeye, bitekanye kandi biramba. Gushora imari muri iki gipimo birinda ikirango cyawe, byuzuza ibisabwa n'amategeko, kandi bikerekana ko ibikoresho byawe bishobora kwihanganira imbogamizi ziterwa no gukoreshwa buri munsi no gutwara abantu.