Icyumba cyo gupima ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hatatu: Igipimo cy'ubushyuhe bukabije cyo gupima amagare

Intangiriro: Hakenewe isuzuma ryihuse ry'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe

Muri iki gihe, inganda zikora cyane, ibikoresho n'ibice byazo bigomba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije ndetse no guhinduka vuba hagati y'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje. Kwaguka no guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe guterwa n'impinduka zitunguranye z'ubushyuhe bishobora gutera kwangirika, gucikamo ibice, kwangirika kw'ibifunga, n'ibindi byangiritse mu miterere y'ibicuruzwa bigatera ingaruka mbi ku buryo ibicuruzwa bidashobora kugerwaho neza.Icyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuni uburyo bwihariye bwo gupima ibidukikije bwagenewe gusuzuma ubushobozi bw'imiterere y'ibikoresho n'ibikoresho bivanze mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi n'ubukonje bukabije mu gihe gito. Ibi bikoresho bifasha abakora gusuzuma impinduka mu binyabutabire cyangwa ibyangiritse biterwa no kwaguka no guhindagurika k'ubushyuhe mu gihe gito cyo gupima, bitanga amakuru yizewe yo kunoza no kunoza imiterere y'ibicuruzwa.

Uburyo Icyumba cyo Gupima Ubushyuhe cy'Ibice Bitatu Gikora

ItsindaIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuikora ku gishushanyo cyihariye kandi cyiza cyane gituma ubushyuhe buhinduka vuba. Bitandukanye na sisitemu y'icyumba kimwe ihindura ubushyuhe buhoro buhoro, igishushanyo cy'uturere dutatu gifite ibyumba bitatu bitandukanye:

• Agace gashyuha (Icyumba cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi):Igumana ubushyuhe buri hejuru buri gihe (ubusanzwe kugeza kuri +200°C), yiteguye guhita ihura n'ikibazo.
• Agace gakonje (Icyumba cy'ubushyuhe buri hasi):Igumana ubushyuhe buri hasi (ubusanzwe bugera kuri -70°C cyangwa munsi yayo), yiteguye guhita ihura n'ibintu ako kanya.
• Agace k'ikizamini (Icyumba cy'ingero):Icyumba cyihariye aho icyitegererezo gishyirwa. Gishobora kwimurwa vuba hagati y’uduce dushyuha n’udukonje binyuze mu buryo bwo kohereza ibintu hakoreshejwe umwuka cyangwa moteri.

Mu gihe cy'igerageza, icyitegererezo gishyirwa mu gace gashyushye hanyuma kigashyirwa mu gace gakonje, cyangwa mu buryo bunyuranye, mu gihe gito cyo kwimura (ubusanzwe amasegonda 5-10). Uku guhinduka vuba bishobora gutuma ibintu bihinduka cyane, bigasa n'ibihe nk'ubukonje butunguranye, impinduka zihuse ku bidukikije, cyangwa guhura n'ibihe bihindagurika.

Ubushobozi bwo gupima busesuye n'ikoreshwa ryabwo

ItsindaIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuikoreshwa cyane mu nganda nyinshi mu gusuzuma ibikoresho n'ibice bigomba kwihanganira impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe.

1. Ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga n'amashanyarazi

Ibibaho byacapwe bya circuit (PCBs), semiconductors, connectors, sensors, na circuits zihujwe bipimwa ubusugire bw'ingingo za solder, gufatana kw'ibice, n'imikorere y'amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe. Uburyo bwo gutsindwa burimo ingingo za solder zacitse, delamination, na circuits zifunguye.

2. Ibice bigize imodoka

Ibikoresho byo kugenzura moteri, ibikoresho byo kugenzura, ibikoresho byo kwerekana dashboard, n'ibikoresho byo imbere bihura n'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe kugira ngo bigane impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe ziturutse ku bukonje butangiye, ubushyuhe bwo mu butayu, cyangwa impinduka zihuse z'ikirere.

3. Ibyerekeye iby'indege n'ubwirinzi

Ibikoresho by'indege, ibinyabutabire by'imiterere, n'ibice by'ingenzi birageragezwa kuri buriMIL-STD-810kugira ngo bihangane n'impinduka zikabije z'ubushyuhe zibaho mu gihe cyo kuguruka no ku butaka.

4. Plasitiki na Polima

Ibikoresho bya pulasitiki, ibifunga, gasket, n'ibice by'imiterere bipimwa niba byaracitse, bikomera, bicitse, ndetse n'impinduka mu bunini mu gihe cy'ihungabana ry'ubushyuhe.

5. Rubber na Elastomer

Ibyuma bifunga imipira, impeta za O, ibikoresho byo gusimbuza, n'ibindi bikoresho byoroshye bipimwa niba nta bushyuhe, gukomera, cyangwa kwangirika bifite iyo ubushyuhe buhindutse vuba.

6. Ibyuma n'ibikomoka ku bimera

Ibice by'icyuma, ingingo zisutswe, n'ibikoresho bivanze bipimwa niba binaniwe, bicitse, ndetse n'imiterere y'ibikoresho mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe.

7. Gusiga no gutwikira

Irangi, irangi rikoreshwa mu gusiga ifu, gusiga irangi hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi, n'uburyo bwo kuvura ubuso birasuzumwa kugira ngo harebwe niba bifatanye, byaracitse, byaracitse, ndetse n'ibara ryahindutse mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe.

Ibisobanuro by'ingenzi bya tekiniki

Abanyamwugaibyumba byo gupima ubushyuhe bifite ibice bitatubifite ibikoresho bigezweho kugira ngo bigenzure neza, bishobora gusubiramo kandi neza:

• Ingano y'ubushyuhe (Agace gashyushye):Ahantu hashyushye cyane ni +10°C kugeza +200°C (cyangwa hejuru, kugeza kuri +220°C).
• Ingano y'ubushyuhe (Agace gakonje):-70°C kugeza kuri -10°C (cyangwa munsi yayo).
• Igihe cyo kwimura:Amasegonda 5–10 (ubusanzwe ≤ amasegonda 10).
• Igihe cyo Kugaragara:Ishobora gutegurwa kuva ku minota 5 kugeza ku masaha 999.
• Umubare w'ingendo:Ishobora gushyirwa kuri gahunda kugeza ku nshuro 9999.
• Ubushobozi bw'ingero:Bihinduka bitewe n'ingano y'icyumba (ubusanzwe hagati ya Litiro 50 na Litiro 300 cyangwa zirenga).
• Sisitemu yo Kugenzura:PLC ifite uburyo bwo kureba mu idirishya, ishyigikira porogaramu nyinshi zisanzwe zo gupima.
• Kwandika amakuru:Kwandika ubushyuhe, igihe cyo kugaragara, n'amakuru y'ingendo byikora.

  

Iyubahirizwa ry'Amahame Mpuzamahanga

ItsindaIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuyagenewe kuzuza ibisabwa n'ibipimo mpuzamahanga by'ingenzi byo gupima ubushyuhe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubushyuhe:

• IEC 60068-2-14:Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije – Igice cya 2-14: Isuzuma – Isuzuma N: Impinduka z'ubushyuhe.
• MIL-STD-810:Ibitekerezo ku buhanga mu by’ibidukikije n’ibizamini bya laboratwari – Uburyo bwa 503 (Ubushyuhe bukabije).
• JIS C 60068-2-14:Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije – Isuzuma N: Impinduka z'ubushyuhe.
• GB/T 2423.22:Gupima ibidukikije ku bicuruzwa by'amashanyarazi n'iby'ikoranabuhanga - Ikizamini N: Impinduka z'ubushyuhe.
• GJB 150.5:Isuzuma ry'ibidukikije ry'ibikoresho bya gisirikare - Isuzuma ry'ubushyuhe.

Ibintu by'ingenzi n'ibyiza byabyo

Gushora imari muriIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatubitanga inyungu zikomeye ku nganda, laboratwari zo gupima, n'ibigo by'ubushakashatsi n'iterambere:

• Impinduka yihuse y'ubushyuhe:Kwimura hagati y'ahantu hashyushye n'ahakonje mu masegonda make, bituma habaho isuzuma ry'ukuri ry'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.
• Isuzumabumenyi rikora neza:Igihe cyo kugerageza cyagabanutse ugereranije na sisitemu z’icyumba kimwe zisaba ko ubushyuhe bugabanuka.
• Ubushobozi bwo guhindura ibintu:Ikwiriye ibikoresho bitandukanye n'ibice byayo mu nganda nyinshi.
• Uburyo bwo gukora neza:Kugenzura ubushyuhe neza no kwimura vuba bitanga uburyo bwo gupima buhoraho kandi bushobora gusubiramo.
• Gukurikiza amategeko:Yujuje ibisabwa mpuzamahanga n'ibya gisirikare mu gupima ubushyuhe.
• Iterambere rishingiye ku makuru:Ibisubizo by'ibizamini bigaragaza uburyo bwo gutsindwa, bigatuma igishushanyo mbonera cyihariye n'uburyo ibikoresho bitunganywa neza.
• Icyizere cyo kwizerwa:Kumenya ibintu bishobora gutsindwa mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bigera ku bakiriya, bigabanye ubwishingizi n'uburyozwe.

Incamake y'Igerageza ry'Imikorere

GukoreshaIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuikurikiza inzira yoroshye:

1. Gutegura ingero:Tegura ingero z'ibizamini ukurikije ibipimo ngenderwaho (ingano, uburyo bwo gushyiraho, nibindi).
2. Igenamiterere rya Parametero:Ibipimo by'igerageza rya porogaramu birimo ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hashyushye, ubushyuhe bw'ahantu hakonje, igihe cyo kureba, umubare w'ingendo, n'igihe cyo kohereza amakuru ukoresheje ecran ya touchscreen.
3. Gushyiraho ingero:Shyira ingero mu gasanduku k'ingero zo mu gace k'igeragezwa, urebe neza ko ubushyuhe bugomba gushyirwa mu mwanya ukwiye.
4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'ikizamini:Tangira ikizamini; icyumba cyimura icyitegererezo mu buryo bwikora hagati y’uduce dushyuha n’udukonje hakurikijwe imiterere yacyo.
5. Ikurikiranabikorwa:Sisitemu ikomeza kugenzura ubushyuhe mu turere twose uko ari dutatu, ikandika amakuru kugira ngo asesengurwe.
6. Isuzuma rya nyuma:Nyuma yo kurangiza ingendo zisabwa, kura ingero kugira ngo zigenzurwe neza, zipimwe mu buryo bw'ibipimo, kandi zipimwe imikorere yazo.
7. Raporo:Kora raporo yuzuye y'ibizamini igaragaza ibipimo by'ibizamini, amakuru y'ubushyuhe, n'ibyo wabonye.

Ibyiza ku bakora ibikoresho n'ama laboratwari yo gupima

GufataIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuitanga inyungu nyinshi mu kugenzura ubuziranenge, ubushakashatsi n'iterambere, no kubahiriza amategeko:

• Isuzuma ryihuse ry’Ukwizerwa:Garagaza uburyo bwo gucika intege kw'ubushyuhe mu gihe gito.
• Kunoza Igishushanyo:Koresha ibisubizo by'ibizamini kugira ngo unoze uburyo bwo guhitamo ibikoresho, imiterere y'ibice, n'uburyo bwo kubitunganya.
• Kugabanuka kw'ibibazo byo mu kibuga:Gufata inenge ziterwa n'ubushyuhe mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mu bikorwa.
• Iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko agenga iyubahirizwa ry'amategeko:Kora amakuru y'ibizamini yanditse kugira ngo byemezwe hakurikijwe amabwiriza ya IEC, MIL-STD, n'andi mabwiriza.
• Akamaro k'irushanwa:Kugaragaza ko ibicuruzwa byizewe cyane ku bakiriya n'inzego zishinzwe kugenzura.

Umwanzuro: Igikoresho cy'ingenzi cyo gupima uburyo bwo kwirinda impanuka y'ubushyuhe

ItsindaIcyumba cyo gupimisha ubushyuhe gifite ibice bitatuni igikoresho cy'ingenzi ku kigo icyo ari cyo cyose giteza imbere, gikora, cyangwa gihamya ibicuruzwa bigomba kwihanganira impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe. Imiterere yacyo yihariye y'uturere dutatu ituma habaho igeragezwa ryihuse kandi rinoze ry'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe, ritanga amakuru y'ingenzi ku kwihanganira ibikoresho kugeza ku kwaguka no guhindagurika kw'ubushyuhe. Kuva ku bice by'ikoranabuhanga n'ibice by'imodoka kugeza ku buryo bw'indege n'ibice bya pulasitiki, iki cyumba gifasha injeniyeri gusuzuma impinduka za shimi n'ibyangiritse ku mubiri, kunoza imiterere, no kwemeza imikorere yizewe mu bidukikije bigoye cyane. Gushora imari mu cyumba cy'igerageza ry'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe ni ishoramari mu bwiza bw'ibicuruzwa, umutekano, no kwizerwa igihe kirekire.