He aha nā ʻano pila o nā kaʻa ikehu hou?

ʻO nā pila lead-acid, ma ke ʻano he ʻenehana makua, ʻo ia wale nō nā pila no nā kaʻa uila i hana nui ʻia ma muli o ko lākou kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa a me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana. Eia nō naʻe, he haʻahaʻa loa ka ikehu kikoʻī, ka mana kikoʻī a me ka nui o ka ikehu o nā pila lead-acid, a ʻaʻole hiki i ke kaʻa uila me kēia ma ke ʻano he kumu mana ke loaʻa ka wikiwiki a me ka laulā hoʻokele maikaʻi.

2, nā pila nickel-cadmium a me nā pila nickel-metal hydride

ʻO ka pākahiko nickel-cadmium (pinepine ʻia ʻo NiCd, i kapa ʻia ʻo "nye-cad") kahi ʻano pākahiko mālama kaulana. Hoʻohana ka pākahiko i ka nickel hydroxide (NiOH) a me ka metala cadmium (Cd) ma ke ʻano he mau kemika e hana ai i ka uila. ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā pākahiko lead-acid, aia i loko o lākou nā metala kaumaha a hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻia ʻana.

Hiki ke hana hou ʻia ka pākahiko nickel-cadmium ma mua o 500 mau manawa o ka hoʻouka a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, hoʻokele waiwai a paʻa hoʻi. He liʻiliʻi kona kū'ē kūloko, ʻaʻole wale ka liʻiliʻi o ke kū'ē kūloko, hiki ke hoʻouka koke ʻia, akā hiki ke hāʻawi i kahi au nui no ka ukana, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka loli o ke volta i ka wā e hoʻokuʻu ai, he pākahiko mana DC kūpono loa ia. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻano pākahiko ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā pākahiko nickel-cadmium ke kū i ka hoʻouka nui ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻokuʻu nui ʻana.

Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pila nickel-metal hydride me nā ion hydrogen a me ka nickel metala, ʻo ka mana mālama he 30% ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o nā pila nickel-cadmium, ʻoi aku ka māmā ma mua o nā pila nickel-cadmium, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola lawelawe, a ʻaʻohe haumia i ke kaiapuni, akā ʻoi aku ke kumukūʻai ma mua o nā pila nickel-cadmium.

3, pākahiko lithium

ʻO ka pākahiko Lithium kahi papa o ka metala lithium a i ʻole ka lithium alloy ma ke ʻano he mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena electrolyte ʻaʻole wai o ka pākahiko. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia nā pākahiko Lithium i ʻelua mau māhele: nā pākahiko metala lithium a me nā pākahiko lithium ion. ʻAʻohe lithium i loko o nā pākahiko Lithium-ion i ke ʻano metala a hiki ke hoʻouka hou ʻia.

ʻO nā pila lithium metala maʻamau he mau pila e hoʻohana ana i ka manganese dioxide ma ke ʻano he electrode maikaʻi, lithium metal a i ʻole kona metala alloy ma ke ʻano he electrode maikaʻi ʻole, a hoʻohana i nā hopena electrolyte wai ʻole. ʻO ka haku mele ʻana o ka pila lithium: mea electrode maikaʻi, mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, diaphragm, electrolyte.

Ma waena o nā mea cathode, ʻo nā mea i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ʻo ia ka lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate a me nā mea ternary (nickel-cobalt-manganese polymers). Noho ka mea electrode maikaʻi i kahi hapa nui (ʻo ka lakio nui o nā mea electrode maikaʻi a me ka maikaʻi ʻole he 3:1 ~ 4:1), no ka mea, ʻo ka hana o ka mea electrode maikaʻi e pili pololei ana i ka hana o ka pā lithium-ion, a ʻo kona kumukūʻai e hoʻoholo pololei i ke kumukūʻai o ka pā.

Ma waena o nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole, ʻo nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole o kēia manawa he graphite kūlohelohe a me ka graphite artificial. ʻO nā mea anode e noiʻi ʻia nei he nitrides, PAS, tin-based oxides, tin alloys, nano-anode materials, a me kekahi mau hui intermetallic ʻē aʻe. Ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi o nā ʻāpana nui ʻehā o nā pila lithium, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā mea electrode maikaʻi ʻole i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hiki o ka pila a me ka hana pōʻaiapuni, a aia ma ke kikowaena o nā wahi waena o ka ʻoihana pila lithium.

4. Nā pūnaewele wahie

He mea hoʻololi ikehu electrochemical kaʻina hana ʻole o ke ahi ka Fuel Cell. Hoʻololi mau ʻia ka ikehu kemika o ka hydrogen (nā wahie ʻē aʻe) a me ka oxygen i uila. ʻO ke kumu hana, ua hoʻomake ʻia ʻo H2 i H+ a me e- ma lalo o ka hana a ka mea hoʻouluulu anode, hiki ʻo H+ i ka electrode maikaʻi ma o ka membrane hoʻololi proton, pane me O2 e hana i ka wai ma ka cathode, a hiki ʻo e- i ka cathode ma o ke kaapuni waho, a hoʻopuka ka hopena hoʻomau i kahi au. ʻOiai aia ka huaʻōlelo "battery" i loko o ka wahie, ʻaʻole ia he mea mālama ikehu ma ke ʻano kuʻuna, akā he mea hana mana, ʻo ia ka ʻokoʻa nui ma waena o nā wahie a me nā pila kuʻuna.

No ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka luhi a me ke ola o nā pila, hoʻohana kā mākou hui i nā lako hoʻāʻo like ʻole e like me ke keʻena hoʻāʻo mahana a me ka haʻahaʻa mau, kahi keʻena hoʻāʻo haʻalulu wela, kahi keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻelemakule kukui xenon, a me kahi keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻelemakule UV.

Keʻena hoʻāʻo mahana a me ka makū mau: Hāʻawi kēia lako i nā kūlana mahana a me ka makū i kāohi ʻia e hoʻohālike i nā ʻano kūlana kaiapuni like ʻole. Ma ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i nā pila no ka manawa lōʻihi ma lalo o nā kūlana mahana a me ka makū like ʻole, hiki iā mākou ke loiloi i ko lākou kūpaʻa a me nā loli hana.

Keʻena hoʻāʻo haʻalulu wela: Hoʻohālike kēia keʻena i nā loli wela wikiwiki e hiki ke ʻike ʻia e nā pila i ka wā o ka hana. Ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pila i nā loli wela koʻikoʻi, e like me ka neʻe wikiwiki ʻana mai ke kiʻekiʻe a i nā mahana haʻahaʻa, hiki iā mākou ke loiloi i kā lākou hana a me ka hilinaʻi ma lalo o nā loli mahana.

Keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻelemakule o ke kukui Xenon: Hoʻohālike kēia lako i nā kūlana o ka lā ma ka hōʻike ʻana i nā pila i ka radiation mālamalama ikaika mai nā kukui xenon. Kōkua kēia simulation i ka loiloi ʻana i ka hōʻino ʻana o ka hana o ka pila a me ke kūpaʻa i ka wā e hōʻike ʻia ai i ka mālamalama no ka manawa lōʻihi.

Keʻena hoʻāʻo ʻelemakule UV: Hoʻohālike kēia keʻena i nā kaiapuni radiation ultraviolet. Ma ke kau ʻana i nā pila i ka hōʻike ʻana i ka mālamalama UV, hiki iā mākou ke hoʻohālike i kā lākou hana a me ke kūpaʻa ma lalo o nā kūlana hōʻike UV lōʻihi.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hui pū ʻana o kēia mau lako hoʻāʻo e ʻae ai i ka luhi piha a me ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ke ola o nā pila. He mea nui e hoʻomaopopo ma mua o ka hana ʻana i kēia mau hoʻāʻo, he mea nui e mālama i nā alakaʻi palekana pili a hahai pono i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi hana o nā lako hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i nā kaʻina hana hoʻāʻo pololei a palekana.