Ni ubuhe bwoko bwa bateri nshya z'imodoka zikoresha ingufu?

Bateri za aside ya lead, nk'ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, ziracyari bateri zonyine zikoreshwa mu gutwara ibinyabiziga bikoresha amashanyarazi menshi kubera ko bihendutse kandi ko zisohoka cyane. Ariko, ingufu zihariye, imbaraga zihariye n'ubucucike bw'ingufu za bateri za aside ya lead biri hasi cyane, kandi imodoka y'amashanyarazi ifite iyi nkomoko y'ingufu ntishobora kugira umuvuduko mwiza n'urwego rwiza rwo kuyitwara.

2, bateri za nickel-cadmium na bateri za nickel-metal hydride

Bateri ya nikeli-kadiyumu (ikunze kuvugwa mu magambo make NiCd, izwi nka "nye-cad") ni ubwoko buzwi cyane bwa bateri yo kubikamo. Bateri ikoresha nikeli hidroksidi (NiOH) na cadmium metal (Cd) nk'imiti kugira ngo ikore amashanyarazi. Nubwo imikorere yayo ari myiza kurusha bateri za aside ya lead, zirimo ibyuma biremereye kandi byangiza ibidukikije nyuma yo kureka.

Bateri ya nikeli-kadiyumu ishobora gusubirwamo inshuro zirenga 500 z'umuriro n'amazi, ihendutse kandi iramba. Ubudahangarwa bwayo bw'imbere ni buke, ntabwo ari ubw'imbere gusa, bushobora gushya vuba, ahubwo bushobora no gutanga umuvuduko munini w'amashanyarazi, kandi impinduka z'amashanyarazi ni nke cyane iyo isohora umuriro, ni bateri nziza cyane ya DC. Ugereranyije n'ubundi bwoko bwa bateri, bateri za nikeli-kadiyumu zishobora kwihanganira umuriro urenze urugero cyangwa urenze urugero.

Bateri za hydride za nikeli zigizwe na iyoni za hydrogen na nikeli y'icyuma, ingufu zikoreshwa ziruta 30% bateri za nikeli-kadimiyumu, zoroshye kurusha bateri za nikeli-kadimiyumu, zimara igihe kirekire, kandi nta mwanda uhumanya ibidukikije, ariko igiciro kirahenze cyane kurusha bateri za nikeli-kadimiyumu.

3, bateri ya lithiamu

Bateri ya Lithium ni ubwoko bw'icyuma cya lithium cyangwa aloyide ya lithium nk'ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, ikoreshwa ry'umuti wa electrolyte idakoresha amazi muri bateri. Bateri za Lithium zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bibiri: bateri za lithium na bateri za lithium. Bateri za Lithium-ion ntizirimo lithium mu buryo bw'icyuma kandi zishobora kongera gukoreshwa.

Bateri za Lithium muri rusange ni bateri zikoresha manganese dioxyde nk'ibikoresho bya electrode nziza, lithium metal cyangwa icyuma cyayo nk'ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, kandi zikoresha electrolyte zitarimo amazi. Ibigize bateri ya lithium ahanini ni: ibikoresho bya electrode nziza, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi, diaphragm, electrolyte.

Mu bikoresho bya cathode, ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni lithium cobalt, lithium manganate, lithium fer phosphate n'ibikoresho bya ternary (polimeri za nickel-cobalt-manganese). Ibikoresho bya electrode nziza bigira uruhare runini (igipimo cy'uburemere bw'ibikoresho bya electrode nziza n'iza positive ni 3:1 ~ 4:1), kuko imikorere y'ibikoresho bya electrode nziza igira ingaruka zitaziguye ku mikorere ya bateri ya lithium-ion, kandi igiciro cyayo kigena neza ikiguzi cya bateri.

Mu bikoresho bya electrode mbi, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi bikoreshwa ubu ni grafiti karemano na grafiti y’ubukorano. Ibikoresho bya anode biri gusuzumwa ni nitrides, PAS, oxydes zishingiye kuri tin, alloys za tin, ibikoresho bya nano-anode, n'ibindi bikoresho bya intermetallic. Nk'imwe mu bice bine by'ingenzi bya bateri za lithium, ibikoresho bya electrode mbi bigira uruhare runini mu kunoza ubushobozi bwa bateri n'imikorere ya cycle, kandi biri mu gice cy'ingenzi cy'inganda za bateri za lithium.

4. Utunyangingo twa lisansi

Seli ya Fuel ni igikoresho kidakoresha ingufu za elegitoroniki kidakoresha umuriro. Ingufu za shimi za hydrogen (izindi lisansi) na ogisijeni zihora zihinduka amashanyarazi. Ihame ry'imikorere ni uko H2 ishyirwa muri H+ na e- munsi y'ibikorwa bya catalyst ya anode, H+ igera kuri electrode nziza binyuze mu membrane ya proton exchange, igakorana na O2 kugira ngo ikore amazi kuri cathode, na e- igera kuri cathode inyuze mu ruziga rwo hanze, kandi reaction ikomeza ikora amashanyarazi. Nubwo seli ya fuel ifite ijambo "bateri", si igikoresho cyo kubika ingufu mu buryo bwa gakondo, ahubwo ni igikoresho gitanga ingufu, kikaba ari cyo gitandukanya cyane seli za fuel na bateri gakondo.

Kugira ngo bateri zigere ku munaniro n'igihe zimara, ikigo cyacu gikoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye byo gupima nk'icyumba gipima ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, icyumba gipima ubushyuhe, icyumba gipima gusaza cy'amatara ya xenon, n'icyumba gipima gusaza cy'imirasire ya UV.

Icyumba cyo gupimira ubushyuhe n'ubukonje gihoraho: Iki gikoresho gitanga imiterere y'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje igenzurwa kugira ngo gishushanye imiterere itandukanye y'ibidukikije. Mu gupima bateri igihe kirekire mu bihe bitandukanye by'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje, dushobora gusuzuma impinduka mu mikorere yazo no mu mikorere yazo.

Icyumba cyo gupima ubushyuhe: Iki cyumba cyigana impinduka zihuse z'ubushyuhe bateri zishobora guhura nazo mu gihe zikora. Mu gushyira bateri mu hindagurika ry'ubushyuhe rikabije, nko guhinduka vuba kuva ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru kugera ku buke, dushobora gusuzuma imikorere yazo n'uburyo zizewe mu gihe cy'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe.

Icyumba cyo gupimiramo amatara ya Xenon ashaje: Iki gikoresho gikurikirana imiterere y'izuba binyuze mu gushyira bateri ku mirasire y'urumuri rwinshi ituruka ku matara ya xenon. Iki gikoresho gifasha gusuzuma ko imikorere ya bateri yangiritse kandi iramba iyo ishyizwe mu rumuri igihe kirekire.

Icyumba cyo gupimira gusaza kwa UV: Iki cyumba cyigana ibidukikije birimo imirasire ya ultraviolet. Mu gushyira bateri ku rumuri rwa UV, dushobora kwigana imikorere yazo no kuramba kwazo mu gihe cy’igihe kirekire cyo kwibasirwa na UV.
Gukoresha ibi bikoresho byo gupima bivangiranye bituma habaho igeragezwa ryuzuye ry’umunaniro n’igihe kirekire cya bateri. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko mbere yo gukora ibi bizamini, ari ngombwa kubahiriza amabwiriza y’umutekano ajyanye n’ibyo bikoresho byo gupima no gukurikiza neza amabwiriza y’imikorere yabyo kugira ngo harebwe ko inzira zo gupima zinoze kandi zifite umutekano.