Nekuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchiita mota itsva dzinoshandisa simba, mabhatiri emagetsi ari kuwanawo kutariswa kwakawanda. Bhatiri, mota uye masisitimu ekudzora emagetsi ndizvo zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha zvemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba, izvo bhatiri remagetsi ndiro chikamu chakakosha, chinogona kunzi "moyo" wemotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba, saka bhatiri remagetsi remotokari itsva dzinoshandisa simba rakakamurwa kuita mapoka api?
1, bhatiri rine mutobvu-asidhi
Bhatiri re lead-acid (VRLA) ibhetiri rine ma electrode akagadzirwa zvakanyanya ne lead nema oxides ayo, uye electrolyte yaro iri sulfuric acid solution. Chikamu chikuru che positive electrode i lead dioxide, uye chikamu chikuru che negative electrode i lead. Mumamiriro ekubuda, chikamu chikuru che positive ne negative electrodes i lead sulfate. Voltage ye nominal yebhatiri re lead-acid re cell imwe chete i 2.0V, inogona kuburitsa kusvika 1.5V, inogona kuchaja kusvika 2.4V; Mukushandiswa, mabhatiri matanhatu e lead-acid re single-cell anowanzo batanidzwa mu series kuti agadzire bhatiri re lead-acid re nominal re 12V, pamwe ne 24V, 36V, 48V, nezvimwewo.
Bhatiri reNickel-cadmium (rinowanzo pfupikiswa kuti NiCd, rinodaidzwa kuti “nye-cad”) imhando yebhatiri rinochengeterwa zvinhu rakakurumbira. Bhatiri iri rinoshandisa nickel hydroxide (NiOH) necadmium metal (Cd) semakemikari kugadzira magetsi. Kunyangwe mashandiro aro ari nani pane mabhatiri ane lead-acid, ane simbi dzinorema uye anosvibisa nharaunda mushure mekusiyiwa.
Bhatiri reNickel-cadmium rinogona kudzokororwa nekuchajwa nekuburitswa kwemvura kanopfuura ka500, rinodhura uye rinogara kwenguva refu. Kudzivirira kwaro kwemukati kudiki, kwete chete kuti kudzivirira kwemukati kudiki, kunogona kuchajwa nekukurumidza, asiwo kunogona kupa simba guru remagetsi kumutoro, uye shanduko yemagetsi idiki kwazvo pakuburitsa magetsi, ibheteri remagetsi reDC rakakodzera kwazvo. Kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe mhando dzemabhatiri, mabhatiri enickel-cadmium anogona kutsungirira kudzvanywa zvakanyanya kana kubudiswa zvakanyanya.
Mabhatiri eNickel-metal hydride anoumbwa nemahydrogen ions nesimbi nickel, simba rekuchengetedza rakawanda ne30% kupfuura mabhatiri eNickel-cadmium, akareruka kupfuura mabhatiri eNickel-cadmium, anogara kwenguva refu, uye haana kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, asi mutengo wacho unodhura zvakanyanya kupfuura mabhatiri eNickel-cadmium.
Bhatiri reLithium imhando yesimbi yelithium kana lithium alloy sechinhu chisina kunaka cheelectrode, kushandiswa kwemvura isina electrolyte solution yebhatiri. Mabhatiri eLithium anogona kukamurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zviviri: mabhatiri esimbi yelithium uye mabhatiri e lithium ion. Mabhatiri eLithium-ion haana lithium iri muchimiro chesimbi uye anogona kuchajwazve.
Mabhatiri esimbi eLithium anowanzova mabhatiri anoshandisa manganese dioxide sechinhu cheelectrode chakanaka, lithium metal kana alloy metal yayo sechinhu cheelectrode chisina kunaka, uye anoshandisa mhinduro dze electrolyte dzisina mvura. Muumbirwo webhatiri reLithium unonyanya kuva: chinhu cheelectrode chakanaka, chinhu cheelectrode chisina kunaka, diaphragm, electrolyte.
Pakati pezvinhu zve cathode, zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa i lithium cobalt, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate uye zvinhu zveternary (nickel-cobalt-manganese polymers). Zvinhu zve positive electrode zvine chikamu chikuru (huwandu hwezvinhu zve positive ne negative electrode i3:1 ~ 4:1), nekuti mashandiro e positive electrode zvinhu anokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro e lithium-ion battery, uye mutengo wayo unosarudza zvakananga mutengo webhatiri.
Pakati pezvinhu zvine electrode isina kunaka, zvinhu zvine electrode isina kunaka zviri mukati mazvo zvinonyanya kuve graphite yechisikigo uye graphite yekugadzira. Zvinhu zvine anode zviri kuongororwa ndezve nitrides, PAS, tin-based oxides, tin alloys, nano-anode zvinhu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zve intermetallic compounds. Seimwe yezvikamu zvina zvikuru zvemabhatiri e lithium, zvinhu zvine electrode isina kunaka zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuvandudza kugona kwebhatiri uye mashandiro e cycle, uye zviri pakati penzvimbo dzepakati dzeindasitiri yebhatiri re lithium.
Sero reMafuta mudziyo wekushandura simba remagetsi usingapise. Simba remakemikari rehydrogen (mamwe mafuta) neokisijeni rinogara richishandurwa kuita magetsi. Nheyo inoshanda ndeyekuti H2 inosanganiswa kuita H+ uye e- pasi pechiito cheanode catalyst, H+ inosvika pa positive electrode kuburikidza neproton exchange membrane, inopindurana neO2 kuti igadzire mvura pa cathode, uye e- inosvika pa cathode kuburikidza ne external circuit, uye continuous reaction inogadzira current. Kunyangwe sero remafuel rine izwi rekuti "bhatiri", harisi mudziyo wekuchengetedza simba mupfungwa yechinyakare, asi mudziyo wekugadzira simba, unova musiyano mukuru pakati pemasero emafuta nemabhatiri echinyakare.
Kamuri rekuyedza kupisa: Kamuri iri rinotevedzera shanduko dzekupisa dzinoitika nekukurumidza mabhatiri panguva yekushanda. Nekuisa mabhatiri pakuchinja kwakanyanya kwekupisa, senge kuchinja nekukurumidza kubva pakupisa kwakakwira kuenda kukupisa kwakaderera, tinogona kuongorora mashandiro avo uye kuvimbika kwavo pasi pekuchinja kwekupisa.
Kamuri yekuyedza yekukwegura kwerambi reXenon: Muchina uyu unotevedzera mamiriro ezuva nekuisa mabhatiri kuchiedza chakanyanya kubva kumwenje yexenon. Kufungidzira uku kunobatsira kuongorora kudzikira kwekushanda kwebhatiri uye kugara kwenguva refu kana richiratidzwa chiedza kwenguva refu.
Kamuri yekuedza kuchembera kweUV: Kamuri iyi inotevedzera nharaunda yemwaranzi ye ultraviolet. Nekuisa mabhatiri pachiedza che UV, tinogona kutevedzera mashandiro avo uye kugara kwenguva refu mumamiriro ekunze ane UV kwenguva refu.
Kushandisa musanganiswa wemidziyo iyi yekuedza kunobvumira kuyedzwa kwakazara kwekuneta uye hupenyu hwese hwemabhatiri. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti usati waita bvunzo idzi, zvakakosha kutevedzera nhungamiro dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza uye kunyatsotevedzera mirairo yekushanda kwemidziyo yekuedza kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti nzira dzekuedza dzakarurama uye dzakachengeteka.
Nguva yekutumira: Gunyana-12-2023
